An Analysis of Illocutionary Act in “ Ratatouille ” A Movie by

This study aimed to find out the type of illocutionary acts that is contained the utterance of the main character and to determine the most dominant illocutionary act that is used by the main character in the movie. This research use applies qualitative method. As the result there are 48 utterances that contain illocutionary act found in Ratatouille movie. The researcher found 4 classifications of illocutionary act by using Yule’s classification. The fourth types are; directives found 20 utterances, expressive found 11 utterances, representatives found 10 utterances and commissive found 6 utterances. The researcher not found the type of illocutionary act of declaration. The most dominant illocutionary act is directives.


INTRODUCTION
Linguistics is the scientific study of language. It involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context. Linguistics \ can be helpful for some things, for example, seeing how individuals learn language, developing a spelling system for an oral language, working out the sounds of the language that is not currently spoken, and understanding how languages change. It also has links with other areas of study and there are many areas and rules that cover this study. One of them is pragmatics that deals with strategy in using and purpose. Pragmatic is deals with utterance, by which we will mean specific event, the intentional acts of speakers at times and place, typically involving language.
Pragmatics is concerned with the study of the meaning as communicated by a speaker (or writer) and interpreted by a listener (or reader) (Yule, 1996:3). It has more to do with the analysis of what people mean by their utterances or what the words or phrases in those utterances might mean by themselves. Pragmatics is generally the study of the natural understanding and specifically the study of how people comprehend and produce a communicative or speech act. Speech acts is important in human communication because everything that people say always has relation in speech acts, when we saying something, we also do something with that arrangement of our utterances. From this communication, it can be found kind of utterances and also effect of utterances.
According to Yule (1996:47) Speech acts is the action which is performed via utterances. Speech acts is interesting to research because it can always be found in daily communication. The classification of the utterances in each conversation may have effects on the next conversation. In speech acts, communication depends not only on recognizing the meaning of words in an utterance, but also recognizing what speakers' means by their utterances. It means that people must choose the right utterances of communication, so they not make misunderstanding in communication. Yule (1996:48) stated that there are three related acts consisted in speech acts such as locutionary act, illocutionary act, and perlocutionary act. Locutionary act is any utterance that is meaningful and under stable to hearer, illocutionary is the purpose of utterances that is uttered by the speaker, perlocutionary is the effect of utterance that is uttered by the speaker to the hearer. Furthermore Searle (1969:12) classified types of illocutionary act into five, they are representatives, directives, commisives, declaratives, and expressive. In performing illocutionary act, the speaker should utter something with intended meaning to the hearer based on the situation and real condition. By studying illocutionary act, it can An Analysis of Illocutionary Act in "Ratatouille" A Movie by Brad Brid help us to know more knowledge in understanding the speaker utterances in certain situation, for example is movie. Movie is an essential reflection of daily in common. Utterances can occur in movie in which the conversation happens among the characters. There are many types of movies nowadays including action movies, dramas, horror movies and animated movie. Animated movie is a movie which shows animated character and funny stories. Now animated movie is not only for entertainment but for education through the characters and the utterances of characters.
There are characters in movie always presents a story that makes the audience interested to watch it as well as in Ratatouille movie. There are many people like to watch movie, but some of them have difficulties in understanding every utterance meaning which speaker said in conversation in movie. In this research the researcher will uses Ratatouille movie to find out the illocutionary act by the conversation happens among the character. This movie can be a good object to analyze the case illocutionary acts. Since the movie contains lots of illocutionary acts of every utterance and also rich of moral value. Not only has many illocutionary acts, but also this movie is educating when they watch it. Illocutionary acts are interesting to be analyzed in order to be understand the function of utterances and intended meaning of utterances. Illocutionary acts also theory that is able to explain what the main character wants to perform in the movie.
Based on the explanation, the researcher is interested in analysis about speech act focused on the An Analysis of Illocutionary Act In "Ratatouille" A Movie by Brad Brid. Hopefully this research can be references for the reader, especially about illocutionary acts.

DEFINITION OF SPEECH ACTS
According Yule (1996: 47) speech acts is performed via utterances. Its mean speech acts is the study of action preformed via utterances, this study learn about how the speaker's communicative intention in producing an utterances that will be recognized by the hearer. Yule also stated that in English, speech acts are commonly given more specific labels, such as apology, complaint, compliment, invitation, promise or request. Furthermore, Yule mentioned that these descriptive terms for different kinds of speech act apply to the speaker's communicativeintention in producing an utterance. The speaker normally expects that his or her communicative intention will be recognized by the hearer.
However, speech acts theory can make people understand better about the meanings and the functions of communication, so they do not make misunderstanding in communication with other people. Communication will succeed if there is no communication with between speaker and the listener. The speaker should be aware with that he is doing because the listener has certainly tried to understand what the speaker means.
Speech act itself includes three basic acts, namely, speech act, illocutionary act and speech act. The following are Austin's explanations of kinds speech acts: 1.
Locutionary Act A locutionary act is an act how a person produces words or produces meaningful language expressions. When the user uses his/her vocal organs to produce speech, then there is a speech act in the middle of his/her speech. In other words, behavior is the behavior of the speaker using his/her speech organs to produce speech. For example, "I promise to give you some money", the moment the speaker utters words with the speaking organ is called locutionary act.

2.
Illocutionary Act In every utterance, there must be a function. Function or meaning the behavior found in discourse is called illocutionary act. For utterance, "I promise to give you some money" is not only a statement, but also restrains the speaker what she/he just said. This is because the utterance intention is the fact that the speaker is going to do something.
An Analysis of Illocutionary Act in "Ratatouille" A Movie by Brad Brid Therefore, the illocutionary meaning of the above words is the act of promise.

3.
Perlocutionary Act Perlocutionary act is the effect of the speaker on the words spoken by the listener. For example, "I promise to give you some money", the effect of that sentence can be said to be happy. This is because the listener does need some money. However, it can also have the opposite effect on the listener. If the listener is a very wealthy person and does not need the speaker's money, she/he (the listener) may think. Speech acts are angry because of words. The listener will feel that she/he is being laughed at.
There are five classifications of Illocutionary act, namely:

Declaration
Declaration is the kind of speech act that change the world via their utterance. In other words, declarations describe the change of circumstances or condition caused by the utterance.

Representatives
Representatives are those kinds of speech acts that state what the speaker believes to be case or not. It means that representatives concern with facts. This act deal with statement of fact, assertions, conclusions and description. To remove the obstacles that can hide the establishment the learning interaction.

Directive
Directive is used by the speaker to get someone else to do something. They express what the speaker wants. They are commands, orders, request, suggestions, and they can be positive or negative.

Expressive
Expressive are those kinds of speech act that state what the speaker feels. Expressive illocutionary is one of illocutionary acts which are expressing the psychological states, such as pleasure, pain, likes, dislike, joy and sorrow. This act helps the speaker to express his psychological state wheter it is polite or impolite.

Comissives
Commisives are those kinds of speech acts that speakers use to commict themselves to some futute action. Sommisives classifications try to make the speaker does something in the future or promise himself for something. They are promises, threats, refusals, and pledges

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The research uses the qualitative research because this research elaborates the utterances to be analysis which focus on illocutionary acts performed by the character in movie "Ratatouille" by Brad Brid. The Subject of this study is the utterance of the character in Ratatouille movie related to the illocutionary acts especially five classifications of illocutionary: declarations, representatives, expressives, directives and commisives. In conducting this research, the researcher provides some ways to analyze the data as following: Identifying the type of illocutionary acts that were uttered by character in Ratatouille movie. Researcher identified the utterances based on utterance, the researcher classified the utterance by put them based on each type of illocutionary act, finding the most dominant types of illocutionary act, and the last draw the conclusion.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
After analyzing the types of illocutionary act (Representatives, Declaratives, Directives, Commissives, and Expressive), Then, the researcher focuses on illocutionary act based on Yule's classification. There are 48 illocutionary founds in ratatouille movie and there are 4 classification founds in Ratatouille utterances (Representatives, Directive, Expressive and Commissives). They show difference frequencies of their occurrence. The detail frequency of the illocutionary act is presented in a table below: The table shows, the most dominant types of illocutionary act is directive, because in movie the speaker who wants to get the hearer to do something. Besides that, directive occurred when the speaker expresses, commands, orders and requests, and suggests to the hearer. It consisted of 20 utterances; they are 8 utterances of request, 7 utterances of commands, 5 utterances of suggestion and 2 utterances of orders. In this drama the speaker spends his time in the restaurant to do something. The second dominant type is expressive, in this movie used in this kind of illocutionary act to state what the speaker feels. It consisted of 11 utterances; they are 4 utterances of statement dislike, 3 utterances of statement of sorrow, 2 utterances of statement of joy, 1 utterance of statement of likes and 1 utterances of statement pain.
The third position is representatives, representatives used in this movie to represent a situation that can be assumed as a truth. It consisted of 10 utterances; they are 3 utterances of statement of fact, 3 utterances of statement of conclusion, 2 utterances of statement of description, and I utterance of statement assertions. The last position is commissive, because in movie the speaker wants to perform an action in the future. The researcher not found the type illocutionary act of declaration. It consisted 6 utterances; they are 4 utterances of refusal and 2 utterances of promise. The researcher not found declaration illocutionary act in Ratatouille movie.

CONCLUSION
Based on the finding about analysis of illocutionary act in the movie Ratatouille, the researcher make conclusion which states; 1. Based on the researcher analysis it is only four types of illocutionary act (Representatives, Directives, Expressives, Comissives) that occur in this movie. 2. In this movie the researcher did not find Declarative acts. 3. Based on the movie, the researcher found that dominant types of illocutionary act that found in the movie Ratatouille is Directive acts.