An Analysis of Slang Word in Avril Lavigne Song Lyrics

This study deals in the slang word analysis in Avril Lavigne song lyrics “Head Above Water” album. This study aimed to identify the types of slang word found in Avril Lavigne song lyrics “Head Above Water” album, to find out the meaning of slang word in Avril Lavigne song lyrics “Head Above Water” album, to analyze the slang word which are realized in Avril Lavigne song lyrics “Head Above Water” album. Descriptive qualitative research was applied in this study. The data of research were taken from Avril Lavigne song lyric “Head Above Water” album, 74 words found in this song. The data were analyzed by identifying the song into four types of process, classifying the word in each type of slang, analyze the data into the slang word. It was found that there were four types of slang in selected Avril Lavigne song lyrics “Head Above Water” album namely blending, coinage, clipping, and compounding. The writer found the most widely types of slang namely clipping among words of slang in selected 8 songs lyrics of Avril Lavigne “Head Above Water” album. The researcher was realized that the words where the slang word which was found in Avril Lavigne song lyrics “Head Above Water” album by reading all the lyrics in detail and analyzing the word by trying find the correct word or the real meaning, then the researcher can decide the word was called the slang word.


INTRODUCTION
Language is used by people to interact each other in their daily life, without communication people cannot interact. So, language is a communication tool to interact with other people, is the most important thing in one life. According to Chaeer (1994: 53), language is the only thing processed by human where the whole activities cannot be released from it as long as human existence itself. By using language for communication, one tries to share his or her ideas, feeling and experiences to another person. It can say that language is a mean of communication for human beings with each other in the society. Janet Holmes (1995: 1) stated that sociolinguistics studies the relationship between language and society, they are interested in explaining why we speak differently in different social context, and they are concerned with identifying the social functions of language and the ways it is used to convey social meaning. Sociolinguistics is the study of language characters, language variations, language functions, and language use in language interactions and functions in society. Language for writers is a medium for expressing ideas and conveying certain messages to society. These ideas come from the intuition, imagination, and personal experience of a writer in his society. Sociolinguistics in the discussion of language literature aims to provide an overview of the social conditions of a society related to its language. Sociolinguistics is always related to language and society, according to Fishman (1987: 3), sociolinguistic is of the study of characteristics of language varieties, the characteristic of their functions, and the characteristics their speakers as these three constantly interact, change and change one another within a speech community. It means so sociolinguistics is the study of language use in society. Slang is one of the forms of language. Slang used by all kinds of groups of people who share situation of interest and it often used in informal situation. Slang indicates non-standard language, most of people often use slang on certain in occasion. Word or phrases slang usually found because of habits or ideas that appear in society.

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An Analysis of Illocutionary Act in "Ratatouille" A Movie by Brad Brid The using of slang usually in society as if a mode, slang appear and mostly people choose to use it, and usually it can be found everywhere. Slang was one of the informal styles. According to keraf (1994:108) Slang is used with highly informal words that are not considered standard in the speaker's dialect or language and is used in spoken form.
The implication of slang word isto enrich the language vocabularies for example by communicating the old words with the new meaning. Mudrikah (2012:1) also states that beginning of using slang is only the special vocabulary that is used by criminals. The criminals used the slang words to made the other people do not understand about what they were talking about. Mudrikah (2012:2) also states that generally slang is used by particular group of people which is created arbitrarily and it is difficult to explain the reason. It was the reason slang had the meaning as the language of the inferiors that did not have education. So, actually slang word is not good to use because people will look uneducated when used the slang word. And sometimes when people used the slang word it can make the other get confused because slang used by particular group. According to Pei and Gaynor (1954:199) slang is a style of language in common use that is produced by popular adaptation and extention of the meaning of existing words and by coining new word with disregard for scholastic standards and linguistic principles of the formation of words generally peculiar to certain clasess and social or age groups.
There are many slang words in song lyric, especially in Avril Lavigne songs. Avril Lavigne is Canadian-French singer, actress, and song writer. She was born on September 27, 1984. She had signed two album record contract with Arista Records worth more than $2 million. Her debut studio album Let Go (2002) emphasized the punk skate persona which earned her title "Pop Punk Queen" from music publications. Lavigne is considered as a key musician in development of pop punk music since she paved the way for pop music influenced by women in the early 2000s.
Lavigne's breakthrough single "Complicated" is on the number one in several countries in the world and made her the youngest female solo who has the number one album in the United Kingdom. Her second studio album Under My Skin (2004) became Lavigne's first album in the top ten on the Billboard 200 album charts in the United States and sold 10 million copies worldwide. The Best Damn Thing (2007) is Lavigne's third studio album at number one in seven countries worldwide and got international success with single "Girlfriend" became her first single at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in United States. The fourth and fifth album Goodbye lullaby (2011) and Avril Lavigne (2013) received commercial success and it was certified gold in Canada, United States, and other 4 countries. Lavigne released her sixth studio album Head Above Water through BMG on February 2019.

DEFINITION OF SLANG WORD
Slang word is the use of informal word that are not considered standard in the speaker dialect or language. Slang is often to be found in areas of the lexicon that refer to thing considered taboo. Most of slang word in England were derived from criminal lingo. Slang word founded in informal situation. that used with friend. Slang word give expression have come and gone ever the year.
According to Keraf (1994:108-109), slang word is a kind of a pure of high conversation word. Slang is word that are nonstandard and informal which is arranged in exclusively, sometimes slang is a result of accidental mistake, or sometimes in the form of destructions of a common a word to fill in other field meaning.
Slang word are in fact not only contained in the educated classes, but at all the level of society. Each level of group of people can create a special term, of use word that are common with specific notions, which only apply to their group.
Based on Yule (1986), they are ten types of slang word formation, which of each part has its own definition: 1. Coinage An Analysis of Illocutionary Act in "Ratatouille" A Movie by Brad Brid Coinage is the invention of totally new words, which are usually invented in the names of company's product. In this case typical of process of coinage usually adopts the brand name as common words. The example are: • Aspirin: headache medicine Borrowing Borrowing is the talking over of word from other language. Though its history, the English Language has adopted a vast number of words from other language. Other language, borrow term from English, as in the japanes use of suupua (supermarket). A special type of borrowing is described as Joan translation of calqued. The following are some examples of borrowings from foreign language.

Compounding
Compounding is a joining of two separate words to produce a single form. This combining process, technically known as compounding is very common as language such as German ang English. Common and English compounds are bookcase, doorknob, fingerprint, sunburn, textbook, wallpaper, wastebasket, and waterbed (Yule, 1986:5).

4.
Blending Blending is combination of two separate forms to produce a single new term. Blending is typically accomplished by talking only the beginning of one new word and joining it to the end of the other words. For example is blending are brunch (break/fast/lunch). 5. Clipping The element of reduction that is noticeable in blending is even more apparent in the process described as clipping. The term gasoline is still used but most people talk about gas using the clipped form. Other common example are ad (advertisement), fan ( fanatic ), lab (laboratory),etc. 6.
Backformation A very specialized type of reducing process is known as back formation typically, a word of one type (usually a noun) is reduced to form a word of another type (usually a verb). For example, is the noun (television)and the verb (televise). 7.
Conversation A change of the function of a word, as for example when a noun comes to be used a verb (without any reduction), is generally known as conversation. A number of nouns, such as paper in sentence he's papering my bedroom walls.

Derivation
Derivation is large number of small, bits of the English language which is not usually given separating listing in dictionaries. These small bits are generally described as affixes.
Some familiar examples are the element un-, mis-, pre-, full-, less-which appear in word like unhappy, misrepresent, prejudge and joyful. 9.
Multiple Process It is possible for a word undergo more than one process. This is called multiple process, for example to the sentences problems with the project have shown balled, the word snowballed can be noted as an example, "compounding'', whereby snow and ball have been combined to form the noun snowball. 10.
Figurative Language Figurative language is when you use words or phrases that do not have normal daily literal meaning used for figurative language to make their work more interesting or mor dramatic than literal languages that only state facts.
According to Chapman (1988), they are two types or forms of slang, the primary slang and secondary slang. a.
Primary Slang Primary slang is the pristine speech of subculture members; it is so natural to its speakers that it seems they might be mute without it. Of course, they would not be, since we know that slang is by definition always an alternative idiom, to be chosen rather than required. Much of teenage talk and the speech of urban street gangs would be examples of primary slang. Primary slang can be detected by contrast, their oral language is often rich, complex, and powerful, and they live by using it effectively. Chapman (1988) calls the specialized social vocabulary of subculture primary slang. The primary slang of groups is often appropriated into general slang. It strikes members of the mainstream as novels which are rich in imaginative things. It suggests a way of life with greater fun and excitement than the well-regulated lives of most.
Adopting the vocabulary is a way of sharing vicariously in the daring while remaining apart from what is unsafe or objectionable about the way of life in the subculture. From the sixteen samples of lyrics, fifteen lyrics that consist of eight slang words and phrases are identified as primary slang.
The slang words and phrases are identified as primary slang because this kind of slang is used to express anger, as a general expression used by English people on their daily communication, or it is an alternative pronunciation used by a rapper or hip-hop singer to shorten, alter, or change the sound of a word. It is not related to someone's attitude or something secret. b.
Secondary Slang Secondary slang is chosen not so much to fix one group to express one's attitudes and resourcefulness by pretending momentarily, in a little stick of guerrilla theatre to be the member of street gang or criminal or gambler or a drug user or a professional football player, and hence to express someone's contempt, superiority, cleverness by borrowing someone's verbal dress. It is also a matter of stylistic choice rather than true identification.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze information about a topic. This Research methodology is used to conduct research. The method that can be used in this research is a qualitative method. This qualitative research gives us the opportunity to study realworld settings in their own terms, so that you can use a variety of study topics (Yin, 2014). This means that we can study the real world using qualitative research methods because then the researcher will be closer to the object of the problem. In this research method the researcher can used the narrative approach. According to Daiute & Lightfoot (2004) in Carswell (2007) narrative research has many forms and is rooted in different humanitarian and social disciplines. Narrative can mean a theme given to a particular text or discourse, or a text used in a context or form of inquiry in qualitative research (Chase,2005).
The quality of qualitative research findings directly depends on ability. The study uses a descriptive qualitative method the first preparation, at this stage the researcher will read the song lyrics and read the note about slang, the researcher collects by identifying which words are use slang in Avril Lavigne song lyrics "Head Above Water".
Documentation is a form of activity or process in providing various documents by utilizing accurate evidence based on records from various sources. There are two meanings of documentation or documentation. The first is to present information or official evidence that is useful for records. Second, as an effort to record and categorize information in the form of writing, photos, videos, etc Documentation according to Sugiyono (2015: 329) is a way that used to obtain data and information in the form of books, archives, documents, written numbers and pictures in the form of reports and information that can support research. Documentation is used to collect data and then reviewed.
From the understanding of the documentation it can be concluded that documentation is the process of collecting data or processing data and finding accurate evidence. In the research I will do through the documentation of several searches from the internet or YouTube to find slang words in Avril Lavigne song lyrics "Head Above Water" album.

T
The data of the research is the types of slang words. There are ten types of slang words which has different characteristic, they are: coinage, borrowing, compounding, blending, clipping, figurative language, backformation, conversation, derivation, multiple process. In this data of the research, the researcher found 4 types of slang words, they are: blending, coinage, clipping, and compounding that used in selected Avril Lavigne song lyrics on "Head Above Water" album. After analyzing the data, it was found that: 1.
There were four types of slang in 3 song lyrics by Avril Lavigne "Head Above Water" album namely blending, coinage, clipping, and compounding; a.
Blending Based on the data analysis above, it can be seen that the song lyrics of Avril Lavigne "Head Above Water" album contain slang words and some of them use blending process type to form the word. In this case, there are some slang words namely; I 've, gotta, won't, I'll, ain't, gonna, outta, y'all, wanna, you'll, I'd. b.
Coinage Based on the data analysis above, it can be seen that the song lyrics of Avril Lavigne "Head Above Water" album contain slang words and some of them use coinage process type to form the word. In this case, there are some slang words namely; yeah, flame, birdie, dumb, bench, uh-huh, woah.

c.
Clipping Based on the data analysis above, it can be seen that the song lyrics of Avril Lavigne "Head Above Water" album contain slang words and some of them use clipping process type to form the word. In this case, there are some slang words namely; 'cause, seein ', listenin', tellin', crushin', makin', raisin', talkin', takin', playin', hatin', doin', poppin', watchin', gon', comin', goin', slippin', darlin', 'til, 'em. d. Compounding Based on the data analysis above, it can be seen that the song lyrics of Avril Lavigne "Head Above Water" album contain slang word that use compounding process type to form the word. In this case, the slang word namely; goddamn.

DISCUSSIONS
After reading the lyrics of Avril Lavigne's song carefully and choose 3 songs from 12 songs on the album "Head Above Water" which entitled: Head Above Water, Birdie, Dumb Blonde and browse from the youtube site or the internet and then find various types of slang words in the lyrics of Avril Lavigne's songs. The following is the explanation that the researcher describes as follows: 1.
Blending Blending is the process of combining two or more words into a new word. Usually, it is combining the beginning of word and the ending of word. It uses blending process type to form the word from 3 songs that the researcher analyzed, the researcher found this type of slang in all 3 songs that used blending, they are: Head Above Water, Birdie, Dumb Blonde. In order to know blending in every song, you can see the explanation below: a.
Head Above Water I'll gotta keep the calm before the storm The slang word which found on the lyric above is I've. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above I have. I've gotta keep the calmbefore the storm The slang word which found on the lyric above is gotta. The correct word of slang of the slang word in the lyric above is got to; going to.

I won't let this pull me overboard
The slang which found on the lyric above is won't. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is will not. I'll meet you there The slang which found on the lyric above is I'll. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is I will. b.
Birdie But I'll buy you diamonds and ruby rings The slang word which found on the lyric above is I'll. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is I will.

I ain't your prisoner
The slang word which found the lyric above is ain't. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is Am not; is not; are not; has not; have not; was not; were not; does not; do not.

Goddamn , it's gonna hurt
The slang word which found on the lyric above is gonna. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above going to. c.
Dumb Blonde I ain't no dumb blonde The slang word which found on the lyric above is ain't. the correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is Am not; is not; are not; has not; have not; was not; were not; does not; do not. You won't be so confident when I'm crushin' you from the top The slang word which found on the lyric above is won't. the correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is will not. And I'm quick as a whip so get outta my way The slang word which found above is outta. The correct the slang word in the lyric above is out of.

I'll be your icon
The slang word which found above is I'll. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is I wiil.
In the back just in case one of y'all run up The slang word which found above is y'all. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is you all.

Now all of them wanna be a Barbie
The slang word which found above is wanna. The correct slang word in the lyric above is want to.

2.
Coinage Coinage is forming a new word that is adapted from an existing word. It uses coinage process type to form the word. From 3 songs that the researcher analyzed, the researcher found this type of slang in all 3 songs that used coinage, they ar: Head Above Water, Birdie, Dumb Blonde. In order to know coinage in every songs, you can see the explanation below. a.

Head Above Water Yeah, my life is what I'm fighting for
The slang word which found on the lyric above is yeah. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is yes. b.
Birdie How can I avoid the flames from your fire The slang word which found on the lyric above is flame. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is fire.

So birdie, fly away
The slang word which found on the lyric above is birdie. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is bird. c.
Dumb Blonde I ain't no dumb blonde The slang word which found on the lyric above is dumb. The correct word or the meaning of the slang word in the lyric above is Stupid; Mentally sluggish; A stupid, slow-witted person. You put me on the bench The slang word which found on the lyric above is bench. The correct word or the meaning of the slang word in the lyric above is seat.

I'm a babe
The slang word which found on the lyric above is babe. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is baby. I can sting like a bee, but I'm sweeter than honey (Uh-huh) The slang word which found on the lyric above is uh-huh. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is yes.

Yo, I ain't playin'
The slang word which found on the lyric above is yo. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is yes.

3.
Clipping Clipping is the process of reducing words into shorter without changing the meaning. It use clipping process type to form the word.From 3 songs that the researcher analyzed, the researcher found this type of slang in all 3 songs that used clipping, they are : Head Above Water, Birdie, Dumb Blonde,. In order to know clipping in every song, you can see the explanation below. a.
Head Above Water 'cause I'm underneath the undertow The slang word which found on the lyric above is 'cause. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is because. b.
Birdie I say, "and no more glasses and seein' stars The slang word which found on the lyric above is seein'. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is seeing.

Are you listenin'?
The slang word which found on the lyric above is listeni'. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is listening. c.
Dumb Blonde Well, there you go again tellin' me where I belong The slang word which found on the lyric above is tellin'. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is telling. You won't be so confident when I'm crushin' you from the top The slang word which found on the lyric above is crushin'. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is crushing.

I'm a boss and I'm makin' this money
The slang word which found on the lyric above is makin'. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is making. We're bombshells raisin' hell now The slang word which found on the lyric above is raisin'. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is raising. You're talkin' down to me The slang word which found on the lyric above is talkin'. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is talking.

I'm takin' the lead
The slang word which found on the lyric above is takin'. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is taking.

Yo, I ain't playin'
The slang word which found on the lyric above is playin'. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is playing. All the hatin' you was doin' got the Barbie poppin' The slang word which found on the lyric above is hatin'. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is hating. All the hatin' you was doin' got the Barbie poppin' The slang word which found on the lyric above is doin'. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is doing.

All the hatin' you was doin' got the Barbie poppin'
The slang word which found on the lyric above is poppin'. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is popping.

I'm watchin'
The slang word which found on the lyric above is watchin'. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is watching.

But you never gon' stop me
The slang word which found on the lyric above is gon'. The correct word of the slang word in the lyric above is gonna.

4.
Compounding Compounding is the process of joining of two words to produce the single form. It used compounding process type to form the word. From 3 songs that the researcher analyzed, the researcher found 1 song only that used compounding, that is : Birdie. In order to know compounding in the song, you can see the explanation below. a.
Birdie Goddamn, it's gonna hurt The slang word which found on the lyric above is goddamn. The meaning of the slang word in the lyric above is an expression of anger, surprise, intense excitement or frustration.

CONCLUSION
After analyzing the data, the